A Wonderful Stay on the Galapagos Explorer

A Wonderful Stay on the Galapagos Explorer

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My trip to the Galapagos Islands was everything I had hoped for and more. I looked into a number of Galapagos Cruises and I'm so grateful that I chose Galapagos Explorer. Not only did I get to actually explore these breathtaking islands, I also got to admire the indigenous wildlife up close. It was absolutely awe-inspiring. In addition to exploring the islands, I got to travel to and from the islands in luxurious style. The rooms were unbelievably comfortable. The room we stayed in had a nicely stocked mini bar, toiletries and super cozy beds. After a long day of sight-seeing, it was a pleasure to kick back and relax.

Our excursions weren't the only awesome things about the cruise. The on-board activities were lots of fun; and some were even educational! One of my absolute favorite activities was "Star Gazing." Talk about an unforgettable experience. I'll always appreciate that there were guides helping us point out constellations. It's also worth mentioning that the opportunities to meet new people were endless. You couldn't go anywhere on the boat without meeting someone new. Karaoke was especially fun as I loosened up (with quite a few, well-made beverages) and sang my little heart out -- badly. I happened to also meet quite a few people at a few of the Cocktail Lessons.

Overall, my experience with the Galapagos Explorer was fabulous. I got to explore, meet new people, but more importantly, I got to relax. What more can you really ask for in a vacation?

Travel Asia: Thailand’s Seven Famous Temples!

Part Two of a series of articles that deal with tourism Asia. Our next stop is Thailand where we showcase the seven famous, magnificent and historical temples you should not miss while in this beautiful country.

There are many places worth visiting as you go to Thailand. Many popular places you probably see on postcards will motivate and excite you to tour these places.

WAT TRAIMIT -(Temple of the Golden Buddha)

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Wat Traimit Temple houses the World Biggest Golden Buddha Image. The majestic Golden Buddha, which stand at 3.04 meters tall and weighs more than five tons, is one of Thailand’s national treasures. The Golden Buddha was cast in Sukhothai era in 13th century.

The image has a colorful history - the story goes that during the Burmese invasion of the city (to hide the valuable icon from enemies and thieves) it was concealed with plaster. In 1955, the Golden Buddha’s real nature was discovered by chance. While being transported to a new temple in Bangkok, the cover was accidentally clacked as it slipped from a hoisting equipment, showing the golden image inside.

WAT PHO – (The Temple of the Reclining Buddha)

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Located in the district of Phra Nakhon and near the Grand Palace of Thailand, Wat Pho or The Temple of the Reclining Buddha, is of the oldest and biggest temples in Thailand. At 20 acres large, it house more than a thousand of images of Buddha including the famous Phra Buddhasaiyas (The reclining Buddha.)

Before the temple was made, the place was basically a center of education for traditional Thai medicine and is where the traditional Thai massage started. The Wat Pho complex has two walled compounds. The northern walled compound houses the Buddha and a massage school stands. The southern walled contains the monastery of Buddhist monks (Tukgawee) and serves as the school as well.

WAT PHRA KAEW (Temple of the Emerald Buddha)

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The Wat Phra Kaew (Temple of the Emerald Buddha) is regarded as the most sacred Buddhist temple in Thailand. This magnificent temple is located in Phra Nakhon, within the grounds of the Grand Palace. This is Thailand’s most important and sacred temple, so visitors are expected to act with due respect inside it. Visitors are required to wear long trousers when they are enter the wat, and this rule is strictly enforced.

Unlike other temples, Wat Phra Kaew does not house living quarters for monks; rather, it has more than 100 highly decorated holy buildings, golden spires, statues, glittering mosaics and pagodas. The wall surrounding the temple area is painted with scenes from the Thai version of the Ramayana mythology, the Ramakian. The main building houses the Emerald Buddha about 60 cm to 75 cm tall and is made up of green jade (not emerald).

Wat Arun (Temple of Dawn)

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The Wat Arun is one of the best known landmarks of Bangkok. The temple was built in 1809, have been named “Temple of the Dawn” because the first light of morning reflects off the surface of the temple. This sacred structure comprises a colossal prang (Khmer-style tower), which represents Mount Meru (home of the gods) and is bounded by four smaller prangs that represent the four winds.

The imposing central prang is 104 meters tall and topped with a seven-pronged trident. Steep steps lead up to two terraces, which are decorated with bits of Chinese porcelain and glazed ceramic tiles. Pavilions, housing Buddha images, are found at the middle of each side of the square formed by the smaller prangs. The grounds are quite pleasant and peaceful where with murals and a main Buddha image adds majesty to the temple. The mythical guardians here are also quite impressive.

Due to it’s location, the best and most common way to get to Wat Arun is on a boat ride along the river banks. Despite it’s name, the best viewing time is during sun set when the spires of Wat Arun make an impressive silhouette against the skyline.

Wat Chalong

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Located on the southern outskirts of Phuket Town, Wat Chalong is considered the most beautiful Buddhist temple and greatly respected by the local Buddhist community. Built in 1837 during King Rama’s reign, Wat Chalong architectural designs shows a typical is typical of Thai temples which emphasize on bright colors. This temple is the largest and the most ornately decorated among the 29 Buddhist temples in Phuket. Also, Wat Chalong is associated with two abbots; Luang Pho Chuang and Luang Pho Chaem, both have done great works during the tin miners’ rebellion of 1876.

As with traditional Thai Buddhist temples, Wat Chalong is simply dazzling. The main building has three floors and the temple contains several structures and halls. One of these halls, contains statues of Luang Por Chaung, and Luang Por Gluam. The Grand Pagoda is decorated with wall paintings depicting the Buddha’s life story and features various Buddha images. A recent addition to the temple is a 61.4-meter high chedi containing the Phra Borom Sareerikatat relic, a piece of the Lord Buddha’s bones brought over from Sri Lanka.

Wat Chiang Man

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Wat Chiang Man is the oldest temple in Chiang Mai. It was allegedly built by King Mengrai in 1306. The temple houses the Phra Sae Tang Kamani (Crystal Buddha), one of Thailand’s the most treasured artifacts. Another famous Buddha image, the Phra Sila (stone Buddha)also rests in the temple The image is believed to have been carved around 900 AD in India.

The temple also has two Lanna style viharn, a fscinating traditional temple buildings topped with gold chedi. The larger viharn has a beautiful golden façade, which house a standing Buddha that holds a begging bowl. It is the oldest dated Buddha image in Chiang Mai, with the year 1465 inscribed in it. The smaller viharn, decorated with fine facade, contains two other smaller Buddha images in the throne of the main altar namely: the Crystal Buddha (Phra Sae Tang Khamani) which belonged to Queen Chamadevi and the Marble Buddha (Phra Sila Buddha).

One famous feature of the temple is the Chedi Chang Lom with its base decorated with 15 Sinhalese-style elephants. Beside the pagoda is the temple’s library (ho trai), with a red balcony and raised white base, a captivating lotus pond and the ordination hall (ubosot). Wat Phra That Lampang Luang

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Wat Phra Tat Lampang Luang, a standard building of Lanna is located about 20 kilometers from Lampang. The temple itself is elevated and high wall is built around it. The entrance arches (Pratu Khong) is decorated with fine plaster designs. The large wooden viharn which stands next to a magnificent chedi contains a bronze Buddha statue called the Phra Chao Lan Thong. Also in the back is another Vihan with beautiful murals on wooden walls, said to be the oldest in the North. The temple also has a large collection of ancient wooden utensils.

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Top Ten Surviving Ancient Roman Forts

Here are some of the surviving ancient Roman Forts most of which are located in Britain.

The Ancient Romans were known for their architectural prowess. Several Roman arches, aqueducts, amphitheaters are still in existence. The Romans also built numerous forts within the range of their empire some of which are still standing.

1.) Portus Adurni – Britain


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One of the best preserved Roman fortresses is the Portus Adurni. It was built in the Roman province of Britannia in the 3rd century to protect the southern coastline of Britain from Saxon raids. During the Medieval period, it was converted into a castle and was known as Porchester Castle. It is the oldest standing Roman fort north of the Alps. The fort has an area of 9 acre and the outer walls are 6 meters in height with 3 meters thickness and with a length of 200 meters.

2.) Arbeia – England


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Another Roman fort in Britain is Arbeia which stands on the Lawe Top and overlooks the River Tyne. This large fort is located in South Shields, Tyne and Wear in England. This Roman fort was constructed around 120 CE and was first excavated in the 1870s. All modern buildings on the site were cleared in the 1970s and the fort is now known as Arbeia Roman Fort and Museum. Arbeia contains the only permanent stone-built granaries found in Britain. This Roman fort was occupied until the Romans left Britain in the 5th century.>

3.) Saalburg – Germany

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The most completely reconstructed Roman fort in Germany is the Saalburg which is located on the Taunus ridge in Bad Homburg. This fort is part of the Upper German limes and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2005.

4.) Mamucium – England


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Mamucium was a Roman fort built in Britannia around 79 CE. This fort which is protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument is situated within the Castlefield area of Manchester City, England. The fort was garrisoned by a cohort of auxiliary soldiers and guarded the road running from Chester to York. It is also known as Mancunium.

5.) Caer Gybi – Britain

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Another Roman fort in Britain is Caer Gybi. This fortlet is located in Wales and stands at the core of Holyhead in the Anglesey County. It is one of Europe’s only three-walled Roman forts. It was built around 4th century CE to defend the west coast against Irish sea-raiders. This Roman fort was given to Saint Cybi in the 6th century and a monastery was founded. Today, the Church of St Cybi still stands on the site.

6.) Pons Aelius – Britain

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Pons Aelius is a Roman fort in Britannia and is situated on the north bank of the River Tyne, England. This fort and Roman settlement, which is also known as Newcastle Roman Fort, is located on the eastern end of the famous Hadrian’s Wall. The fort has an area of 1.5 acres with approximately 2000 population.

7.) Lunt Roman Fort – Britain

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The Lunt Roman Fort in the Roman province of Britannia is located just outside the city boundaries of Coventry, in the village of Baginton, Warwickshire County. It was discovered in the 1930s and excavations began in the 1960s. Some of its walls were reconstructed in the 1970s. Lunt Roman Fort is open to the public.

8.) Irgenhausen Castrum – Switzerland

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Irgenhausen Castrum is a Roman square fort located in Irgenhausen, Switzerland. It has an area of 60 m² with 4 corner towers and three additional towers. This Roman fort was constructed on the 25 meter tall Burglen hill in Pfaffikon, Zurich. It was built around the 3rd century CE.

9.) Deva Victrix – England

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Deva Victrix was a fort built by the Romans in Britain. This legionary fortress and town is located in Cheshire, England and was founded in the 70s CE it contained military headquarters, barracks, granaries and baths. It is also simply known as Deva.

10.) Eboracum – Britannia

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Eboracum was a fort and city in the Roman province of Britannia. It is located in York, North Yorkshire, England.

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Travel Asia: The Philippines’ Seven Wonders

Come join me as we travel and visit some of Asia’s beautiful tourist destination.

The first of a series of articles that focus on some of the many beautiful places Asia offers as excellent tourist destinations. Our first stop is the Philippines’ Seven Wonders.

Banaue Rice Terraces

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The Banaue terraces are ancient sprawling man-made structures carved into the mountains by the Ifugao people about 2,000-3,000 years ago. Commonly referred to by Filipinos as the “Eighth Wonder of the World”, these rice terraces are like stepping stones stretching towards the sky, where some parts exceed 5,000 feet in altitude. The terraces are located about 1500 meters (5000 ft) above sea level and cover around 10,360 square kilometers of mountainside. It is said that if the steps are put end to end it would reach halfway across the globe. In 1995, the Banaue Rice Terraces were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Chocolate Hills

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The Chocolate Hills are about 1,776 cone-shaped hills spread on an approximate 50 square kilometer area. The domes vary in sizes from 30 to 50 meters (98 to 160 ft) high with the largest being 120 meters (390 ft) in height. They are covered in green grass but dies off and that turns brown during the dry season. They are scattered throughout the towns of Carmen, Batuan and Sagbayan in Bohol.

The Chocolate Hills is one of the Philippines’ most amazing destination and the most famous tourist attraction in Bohol. The national government has chosen the Chocolate Hills as one of its “flagship tourist destinations” and proposed for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Of the 1,247 hills, two have been developed into resorts for tourism. The original resort, called Chocolate Hills Complex is situated in Carmen, Bohol and the more recent one in Sagbayan is called Sagbayan Peak. The Chocolate Hills Complex is composed of two hills developed into a resort. The resort has a restaurant, hostel with swimming pool and an observation deck. Sagbayan Peak is a 12-acre mountaintop resort and recreation center with a viewing deck that shows a 360-degree perspective of the Chocolate Hills.

Mayon Volcano

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Mayon Volcano, famous for its “Perfect Cone” considered as the Worlds most perfect cone is the Philippines’ most active volcano. With a base 80 miles (130 km) in circumference and a height of 2,463 meters, Mayon Volcano is the main landmark of Albay Province, which is about 300 kilometers southeast of Manila. On October 13, 2008 it was included in the New 7 Wonders of Nature Top 10 list. However, it did not make the cut to the Top 25 finalists.

The best time to visit the volcano is between the months of March and May. Apart from climbing, tourists can also do many activities such as nature hiking, camping, photography and bird watching. Several species of birds to look for includes; red jungle fowl, the parakeet. fruit dove, owl, just to name a few. It is not advisable to visit the volcano during rainy season (Nov to Jan) because it is more dangerous.

Pamalican Island

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Welcome to Pamalican Island a paradise on Earth. It is a small island surrounded by tranquil turquoise waters and five kilometers of white sand. The island is located southwest of Manila, east of Palawan. It will only takes an hour via a small 19-passenger charter plane to reach this island. The island is home to the Amanpulo Resort, a privately owned resort which caters only to the Amanpulo Resort guests. Amanpulo Resort is a secluded luxury resort for relaxation. Its main building is the Clubhouse, and has plenty of cottages, where guests have the luxury to choose where to stay; be it by the hillside, on the treetop, or on a villa.

The weather is tropical, so it is best to visit the place is from November to May when the season is hot and dry. While on the island, you can participate in many recreational activities such as swimming, diving, and snorkeling. You can also do scuba diving, fishing, picnicking, sunset cruises, sailing, windsurfing, or even just simply basking under the sun. Apart from sea and beach activities, you can even play golf or take a hike to explore the island nature trails.

Taal Volcano

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Taal Volcano considered the world’s smallest active volcano is a located 50 kilometers from Manila. It consists of an island in Lake Taal, which is situated within a caldera formed by an earlier very large eruption. Within the island are four craters. The main crater is in the center of the island while the dormant volcano crater can be seen at the edge of the island. The third and fourth craters are called “Twin Craters” which were formed during the eruption of 1965. Centuries ago, Taal volcano is about 18,000 feet up; but due to dozens of eruption, the most devastating eruption occurred in the year 1911, it is now 600 meters above sea level.

When you visit Taal, make sure to bring water, hats and plenty of sun screen lotion It is most recommended you get a head start early in the morning. You can either take a hike or ride on horseback to go up the ridge and see the beautiful Crater Lake. The locals are friendly. You do not have to worry about communication, most of them speak good Basic English. Also, there are several resorts that offers great amenities. One of these resorts is the Crater Lake Resort that offers adventurers the unique thrill of exploring nature. Tourists can take their hands at other activities while on the island such as; camping, trekking, horseback riding and kayaking. The resort is also home to many species of birds and fish.

Tubbataha Reef Marine Park

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Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park is located in the Sulu Sea, 98 nautical miles (181 km) southeast of Puerto Princesa City, Palawan. The park is 33,200 hectares covering the North and South Reefs. It is home to thousands of marine life and one of the most beautiful corals in the world. Over 300 coral species and 400 fish species inhabit in the reef. Animal species found include manta rays, lionfish, tortoise, clownfish, and sharks. The Northern part is also a nesting ground for marine turtles, as well as a variety of tropical birds. Tubbataha Reef Marine Park was declared a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in December 1993. It is nominated at the New 7 Wonders of Nature.

Tubbataha Reef is now a famous tourist destination and a popular site for seasoned sport divers. The proceeds go to its preservation and development of the community. It is a perfect place for all you divers because of its coral “walls” where the shallow coral reef abruptly ends giving way to great depths. It is also a place for nature lovers to experience an idealistic sea adventure and enjoy the wonders of marine life.

Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park

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The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park is located about 50 kilometers north of Puerto Princesa City, Palawan. The City Government of Puerto Princesa has managed the National Park since 1992. The park was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site on December 4, 1999, and is one of the finalists in the New 7 Wonders of Nature search!

This park features a spectacular limestone karst landscape with an 8.2 km. navigable underground river A remarkable feature of the river is that it passes through a cave before emerging directly into the South China Sea. The lower portion of the river is subject to tidal influences. At the mouth of the cave, a clear lagoon is framed by ancient trees growing right to the water’s edge.

The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park also represents a habitat for biodiversity conservation. There are 165 species of birds were recorded in the park, among them are the Palawan hornbill (Anthracoceros marchei), Blue-naped parrot (Tanygnathus lucionensis), White breasted sea eagle (Halitutus leucogates), Hill myna (Gracula religiosa), and Tabon scrub fowl (Megapodius cumunigii). There are also some 30 mammal species that have been recorded and 19 species of reptiles. Activites, adventurers will surely enjoy are: mountain trekking, bird watching, and discovering the deeper part of the forest.

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Hong Kong Getaway: First-time Traveler Jitters

Last September, my wife got herself a 3-day 2-night Hong Kong budget tour. It was her first out-of-the country trip. The experience was a bit jittery for her to handle. From the planning stage up to the day of departure, it was all bundle of nerves for her . But on flight day, her mood had somehow change for the better. Why? The night before, I gave her a departure love box. Inside the box is a note containing Papaleng’s first-timer traveler handy tips! Isn’t that so sweet of me. LOL. Kidding aside, first time travelers will benefit much following this tips:



Pre-departure:

* Go ask Mr. Google some information about your destination site. This information must include the place’ popular landmarks, road maps and knowing some friendly local words or phrases.

* Make an itinerary and stick to it.

* Have photocopies of all travel documents.

* Know the local embassy address. If an embassy is not in the city you are in, have their phone in-hand.

* Make a note of emergency numbers.

* Carrying lots of cash is never a good idea; consider bringing along a travelers cheques or internationally accepted credit cards. Keep in mind that most hotels and big shops accept credit cards.

* Check currency before traveling. It is best to keep information about foreign currency services with yourself handy.

* Keep your travel documents with you at all times when boarding a train/bus or any such public transport.

* Don’t forget your camera.

* Check with the airline agency you've booked in for flight notifications.

* Pack only the things that you will need.

* Go to bed early and catch a sound sleep.

Departure Day:

* Wake up early, have a light meal and take a shower.

* Check out your destination’s weather condition and dress appropriately.

* Have your mobile phones handy and keep mobile.

* Check again all pertinent travel documents including passport, visa(if required), airline ticket, Identification cards, ATM/Credit cards, traveler’s cheques and medication if you are taking one.

* Be at the airport 3 hours before departure time.

* Check-in all your baggage at designated baggage drop zone.

* Stay cool and wait for your boarding call in the gate area.

Historically Remarkable Portuguese Forts From Around The World

Here’s an additional list of historic forts built by Portuguese in the different parts of the world.

These historic structures are popular tiurist attractions.

Nakhal Fort – Oman



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The beautiful Nakhal Fort is a large fort in the Middle East. It is located in the Al Batinah Region of the sultanate state of Oman.

Galle Fort – Sri Lanka



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Galle Fort is a 400 year-old fort built by the Portuguese and modified in the 17th century by the Dutch. At its age, it still looks new and polished with reconstruction work done by Archaeological Department of Sri Lanka.

St. Angelo Fort – India


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St. Angelo Fort is a fort in Kerala City, India. This fort that faced the Arabian Sea was built in 1505 by the first Portuguese Viceroy of India. It is also known as Kannur Fort or Kannur Kotta.

A Famosa – Malaysia


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The A Famosa is a fortress in Malacca, Malaysia. This fort is one of the oldest surviving European architectural remains in Asia. It is called Kota A Famosa in Malay which means “The Famous”. The Porta de Santiago, a small gate house, is the only remaining part of the fortress still standing.

Fort Aguada – India


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Fort Aguada is a well-preserved 17th-century fort built by the Portuguese in Goa, India. It is situated along Sinquerim Beach and overlooks the Arabian Sea. It was constructed in 1612 making it almost 400 years of age.

Fortaleza de Sao Joao Baptista – Portugal

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The Fortaleza de São João Baptista is a historic fortress in Angra do Heroismo in Azores, Portugal. It is situated in the Terceira Island. It is also known as Fortaleza do Monte Brasil and Fortaleza de São Filipe.

Fort of Sao Sebastiao – Mozambique

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The Fort of São Sebastião is located on the Island of Mozambique. The construction of this fort started in 1558 and was completed in 1608. This structure is the oldest complete fort still standing in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Zaanse Schans — A Village of Windmills

Welcome to the scenic village of Zaanse Schans- where historical wooden houses and fascinating windmills remarkably capturing rural Dutch life in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Zaanse Schans – all the beauty of rural Dutch life in the 17th and 18th centuries, set in one place. A village of traditional Dutch architecture and crafts, Zaanse Schans sits on the bank of the Zaan River, north of Zaandam, in Netherlands.

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Originally a small open air museum; the town has since grown into what it is today - one of Netherlands top tourist attractions. Aside from the historical wooden houses, the town has six functioning windmills, several mini-museums, authentic shops, a wooden shoe workshop, a historic shipyard, a cheese farm, warehouses, and more.

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Visitors are privileged to see first-hand how clogs (wooden shoes) and wooden toys are made, as well as antique clocks. There is also a replica of the oldest Albert Heijn shop, where guests can buy sweets. And yes – check out the pancake restaurant.

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The authentic shops sell shipping items, cheese, clogs and endless souvenirs of both the Zaanse Schans and the Netherlands. Several cafes are open where guests can stop for drinks or refreshments. What’s more, vintage tour boats will take visitors on a river tour.



The windmills are best seen while on a river tour. Some of these windmills include:

“De Oyfar” creamery mill, built in 1622

“De Heisman” that grinds mustard meal, built in 1780

“De Zucker,” for grinding paint, built in 1781

“De Gekronde Pulenberg”which is sawing wood, built in1869

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Zaans Museum and Verkade Paviljoen

Museum of the Dutch Clock

Bakery Museum

Grocery Museum

Distillery Museum De Tweekoppige Phoenix

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Crafts:

Cheese Farm De Catharina Hoeve,

Wooden Shoe Workshop De Zaanse Schans,

Pewter Foundry De Tinkoepel

Craft Centre De Saense Lelie,

The Coopery

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Aside from the Museum Café, Zaanse Schans has only two restaurants. There is also a smaller cafe, a fried food snack bar and many gift shops. The Heerlijck Slaapen, Kalverringdijk (bed and breakfast) is the only accommodation in the village.

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Zaanse Schans is accessible by train, bus or boat from Amsterdam. However, most of the windmills, museums and other attractions can be visited for a small fee. With almost a million visitors each year, he Zaanse Schans is a must-see attraction in Netherlands.

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Villa Escudero’s Waterfall Restaurant: It’s More Fun in The Philippines!

Nature and dining all in one? Its one of a kind experience and a very memorable one. The amazing Waterfalls Restaurant in Villa Escudero Resort offers this 2-in-1 experience.

It’s more fun visiting the Philippines! Nature and dining all in one? Yes, and one place worth visiting is the amazing Waterfalls Restaurant in Villa Escudero Resort. in San Pablo City, Philippines. Sitting at the foot of the Labasin Falls in San Pablo City, Philippines, the Waterfall Restaurant offers a one of a kind experience, where diners can enjoy a meal right beside a roaring waterfall.

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Authentic Filipino cuisine fills buffet stations and handcrafted bamboo dining tables awaits hungry guests. Enjoy your sumptuous meal while fresh spring water streams through your toes.

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After lunch, guests can even press their backs for a massage against the cascading water-covered wall. This is one restaurant where “No shirt and no shoes” are allowed! Furthermore, free coconut harvesting lessons are offered on the plantation grounds.



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World’s Most Beautiful Buildings: Pont Du Gard and Maison Carree

The Romans have left us with dozens of fascinating architectural wonders. Here is 2 of them. Read and learn more about Pont Du Gard and Maison Carree.

Pont Du Gard

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Roman architectural and engineering skills were brilliantly demonstrated in their aqueducts, built to ensure that good supplies of fresh water reached their towns. Of the numerous Roman aqueducts that survive, none is more impressive than the one that carries water across the valley of the River Gard to Nimes (the Roman Nemausus) in southern France.

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The Romans’ exploitation of the structural possibilities of the arch is magnificently demonstrated in the 882ft (269m) long Pont du Gard, which is all that is left of an aqueduct, more than 15 miles (24km) long, built by Agrippa at the end of the first century BC. Three tiers of arches, built of unmortared granite masonry, make up the Pont du Gard. The aqueduct, having been lined with cement to prevent leaks, is on the uppermost tier, being about 180ft (55m) above the river. The two lower tiers each have arches that are about 65ft (20m) high, while in the uppermost tier, the arches are set 20ft (6m) high. The effect is to give a fine, unifying rhythm to the structure.



The lowest tier once carried a roadway that, until recently, was the main road to Nimes. Now it can be walked along by visitors and tourists, as can the water channel at the very top, as long as vertigo is not a problem.

Maison Carree

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Standing on a raised platform or podium, in an elegant square in the heart of Nimes, is a wonderfully preserved gem of Roman temple architecture, known as the Maison Carrée. At first glance, the rectangular building looks not unlike a typical Greek temple, with the usual six columns in the Corinthian order, across the deep front portico, supporting an elegantly carved and decorated entablature, and with a line of columns down each side.

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But the Maison Carrée is one of the most beautiful monuments that the Romans built in Gaul. By this time, the Romans had taken to extending the side and rear walls of the cells-which the Greeks set at the heart of their temples-to the outer limits of the building. On the side and rear elevations of the Maison Carree, the columns are not all free-standing but, from the fourth column to the back, are engaged with the cella wall. The effect is to provide the building, like other Roman temples, with a much larger interior space.



The American statesman Thomas Jefferson was hugely impressed by the architectural perfection of the building, when he saw it while he was his country’s ambassador to France in the 1780s. When he came to design the state capitol building in Richmond. Virginia (built between 1788 and 1798), he decided, therefore, to model it on the Maison Carrée.

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10 Notable Historical Forts From Around the World

These forts are well-known tourist attractions and most of them are many centuries-old already.

Here are more historic and remarkable forts in the world.

1.) Castillo San Felipe de Barajas – Colombia

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The Castillo San Felipe de Barajas is a fortress in Cartagena City in Colombia. This structure which is located on the Hill of San Lázaro was built by the Spanish during the colonial era. It was originally known as the Castillo de San Lázaro and its construction started in 1536 and undergone expansion in 1657. This castle, which is open to visitors, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

2.) Olavinlinna – Finland

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Olavinlinna or St. Olaf’s castle is a 15th century three-tower castle located in Savonlinna, Finland. It is considered as the world’s northernmost medieval stone fortress still standing. This fortress was founded in 1475 making it more than 500 years old.

3.) Krakow Fortress – Poland

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The Krakow Fortress or Festung Krakau is a 19th century Austro-Hungarian fortifications located in the city f Krakow. Poland. It is interconnected with the 18th century fortification called Kosciuszko Insurrection and the medieval Wawel Castle and city walls.

4.) Fort Queenscliff – Australia

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Fort Queenscliff is a fort located in Victoria City, Australia. It was constructed in 1860 as a defense at the entrance to Port Philip Bay. It played vital roles during the First and Second World War.

5.) Fortaleza Ozama – Dominican Republic

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The Fortaleza Ozama or Ozama Fortress in English is a 16th-century castle lcated in the capital of the Dominican Republic – Santo Domingo. A former Spanish colony, the fort was built by the Spanish. It is the oldest formal military construction still standing in America.

6.) Fort Santiago – Philippines

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Fort Santiago, or Moog ng Santiago in the Filipino language, is a defense fortress located in the City of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. It was built during the Spanish occupation. The fort is part of the structures of the walled city of Intramuros. This fort was built in the 16th century and is now a popular tourist destination.

7.) Shigatse Dzong – Tibet, China

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The Shigatse Dzong is a fort located in Xigase County in the Xigase Prefecture in Tibet. This 17th century fort was destroyed completely in the 1961 Cultural Revolution but was rebuilt in 2007 at the same location, though on a smaller scale. It is also known as Samdruptse Dzong.

8.) Fort Santa Cruz – Algeria

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Fort Santa Cruz is a fort located in Oran City, Algeria. It is one of the 3 forts of Oran City and is interconnected with the two other forts by tunnels. Fort Santa Cruz was built between 1577 and 1604 by the Spaniards. The fort is located at a height of about 400 meters on Mount Murdjadjo.

9.) Fort Monostor – Hungary

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Fort Monostor, which is also referred to as Fort Sandberg, is located in Komarom City, Hingary. Construction of this fort started in 1850 and was completed in 1871. After the Second World War, the Soviets built the biggest ammunition storage in the Fortress of Monostor. Today, Fort Monostor is open to the public as a museum.

10.) Fortaleza de Sao Joao da Barra do Rio de Janeiro – Brazil

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The Fortaleza de Sao Joao da Barra do Rio de Janeiro is a 16th century star fort located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was built in 1565 and was expanded and improved in 1618. The fort was completely renovated in 1872 and it was equipped with a complement of guns, bunkers, and batteries, including fifteen Whitworth cannons. It was manned as a coastal artillery installation until 1991.

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